發佈於14th Sep 2010

修改於1st Nov 2023

Tete Hela Ɔfã 1 Sikakɔkɔɔ Sika

Sika kɔkɔɔ stater a Phillipus II

Wɔ Tete Hela no, na sika kɔkɔɔ sika ho yɛ na efisɛ na sika kɔkɔɔ ankasa ho yɛ na na na ɛyɛ den sɛ wobenya. Na Greece mmepɔw no nni dade ahonyade na wɔde saa dade yi fi Thrace anaa nnɛyi Georgia na ɛbae. Ná Hela nkurow a wɔyɛ sika kɔkɔɔ no taa fi Asia Kumaa na na wɔne Persia Ahemman a ɛyɛ adefo no wɔ aguadi mu nkitahodi, baabi a wofi de sika kɔkɔɔ no bae.

Ná sika kɔkɔɔ no ho yɛ na araa ma na wɔde din pɔtee bi na ɛfrɛɛ no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔde ɔhempɔn Dario din a epue wɔ ɔfã biako, a obu nkotodwe na okura peaw ne agyan no din too Persia sika kɔkɔɔ no din daric . Saa sika a Greece tamfo no yɛe yi dii akɔneaba kɛse wɔ ɔmantam no mu, ɛmfa ho sɛ na amammui ne asraafo mu ntawntawdi a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ afã 2 no ntam no.

Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 4 mu no, tumi foforo bi puei wɔ mpɔtam hɔ. Ná Helafo bu Makedoniafo sɛ abusuafo, nanso Helafo kaa wɔn ho asɛm sɛ wɔyɛ nkwaseafo araa ma wontumi mfa wɔn nyɛ nkoa mpo. Makedonia hene bi de Helafo yɛɛ ne nkoa...

Phillipus II gyee tumidi no wɔ afe 359. Ná ne man yɛ ohia na na ne tumidi yɛ mmerɛw na na nnipa atitiriw pii si akan. Ná Makedonia wɔ mmepɔw atenten so, na na nneɛma biara nni hɔ na na nnipa dodow no ara fi nguan ne mpapo a wodua mu. Wobuu Makedoniafo sɛ wɔyɛ basabasa na wɔyɛ tetefo na, sɛ nhwɛso no, Romafo kaa Makedoniafo adehye ho asɛm sɛ: “wɔne wɔn nguan da na sɛ wuhu ɔyerenom no a, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wuntumi mfa asodi no nto wɔn so”. Nanso na eyi yɛ asɛmmɔne a nnipa a wobu wɔn ho sɛ wɔkorɔn kaa kɛkɛ.

Wɔ ɔsatu ahorow a ɛtoatoa so mu no, Phillip tumi maa n’ahye yɛɛ nea ahobammɔ wom, ɔmaa ne man ketewaa no yɛɛ kɛse na ɔde atirimɔdensɛm yii wɔn a wɔne no resi akan no fii hɔ. Ɔyɛɛ nsakrae wɔ asraafo no mu na ɔmaa ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma no yɛɛ yiye. Ohuu hia a aguadi akwan no ho hia na ɔde nneɛma a ɛho hia a ɔde ne Greece adi gua fi Thrace, nnɛyi Bulgaria, bae na ɔde nea ohia na ɔde ne atifi fam mmeae no adi gua no fi Greece bae.

Afei ɔdan n’adwene kɔ anafo fam. Ná Hela nkurow no reko bere tenten na wɔantumi ansiw ano.

Kɔtɔ mprempren ma $10 off kan Adetɔ

Phillip huu nkurow no mmerɛwyɛ. Ná ɔtaa ka sɛ kurow biara nni hɔ a ebetumi ako atia afurum a sika kɔkɔɔ nkotoku ayɛ no ma... Na na ɔteɛ.

Ɔde sika kɔkɔɔ a onya fii aguadi mu no yɛɛ sika bi, a ne din ne ne bo yɛ stater biako , a wɔde sika kɔkɔɔ kronkron na ɛyɛe, a ne mu duru bɛyɛ 8,5 gr. na ne ntwemu yɛ mm 20-22. Wɔ anim no ɛkyerɛ onyame Apollo ti fɛfɛ bi a wagye nkonimbo wɔ nifa so na wɔ n’akyi no ɛkyerɛ quadriga anaa nkonimdi teaseɛnam, a apɔnkɔ 2 wom, a teaseɛnamkafo bi ka no kɔ nifa. Wɔ exergue no so no, asɛmfua FILLIPOU (a Hela nkyerɛwde wom) anaa “Phillip sika” puei.

Wɔtoo saa sika yi din “Fillip sika” na ɛbɛyɛɛ sika a ɛho hia sen biara wɔ ɔmantam no mu wɔ bere tiaa bi mu, a wɔde di dwuma wɔ aguadi mu. Wɔyɛɛ no ​​wɔ nkurow pii mu, a Pella, ahemman no ahenkurow ka ho, na na nkurɔfo ani gyee ho araa ma Alexander Ɔkɛseɛ, ne ba, kɔɔ so yɛɛ sika a ɛte sɛɛ, wɔ n’agya din mu, esiane hia a ɛho hia nti.

Phillip wui wɔ afe 336 mu, na n’awɛmfo no mu biako dii apontow akyi.

Mprempren saa sika yi ho yɛ na na ne bo yɛ den, te sɛ sika kɔkɔɔ sika dodow no ara a na ɛwɔ hɔ saa bere no. Honam fam bo a ɛsom no ho hia na saa ara na adwinni mu nneɛma nso ho hia.

Tete Hela Ɔfã II Alexander Ɔkɛseɛ

Wɔkyerɛ sɛ bere a Alexander Ɔkɛseɛ wui no, wobisaa no sɛ hena na ɔbɛyɛ n’adedifo. Ɔde ne nsɛm a etwa to no ka kyerɛɛ n’asahene sɛ: “Nea eye sen mo nyinaa, nanso misusuw sɛ mɛyɛ ayi a wɔatwe mogya...”

Na na ɔteɛ, efi 323 A.Y.B., ne wu, kosi 281 A.Y.B., ne ɔsahene a otwa to no wu, akodi ne nsɛmmɔnedi a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ diadoch, anaa nea odii n’ade wɔ Hela kasa mu ntam no yɛ da biara da nsɛm a esisi.

Na stake no yɛ kɛse, na nkonimdifo no rekɔfa ahemman no nyinaa, saa bere no titiriw no wiase a wonim no nyinaa. Na tumi no buu wɔn nyinaa ani. Agya kum ɔba, onua anifurae onua, ɔyere de awuduru guu okunu mu nanso obiara anhu tumi no. Ná onipa biako pɛ na ɔbɛn tumi a ɛkorɔn no. Na na ɔyɛ Seleucos Ist Nicator...

Wɔ afe 323 A.Y.B. wɔka sɛ n’asraafo no sii gyinae sɛ wɔbɛtra hɔ na wɔrenkɔ wɔn anim bio, efisɛ woduu wiase no ano.

Ná Seleucos yɛ Antiokos, ɔdehye bi a ofi Makedonia ba. Ná ɔne Alexander mfe yɛ pɛ na ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wɔwoo no wɔ afe 358 ne 355 A.Y.B. Bere a odii mfe 12 no ɔbɛyɛɛ page na ɔtraa Alexander a ɔfaa no sɛ adamfo wɔ n’asɛyɛde mu no bɛn no.

Efi 334 ne 327 A.Y.B., na ɔyɛ apɔnkɔsotefo a wɔagye din anaa heitairoi . Wɔ afe 327 mu, bere a na Indiafo Ɔsatu no sii no, wɔmaa no Dwetɛ Shilds, Makedonia Asraafo a Wɔnam Anamɔn so no mu atitiriw no so panyin, na odii wɔn anim wɔ ɔko no mu bere a ɛho hia sen biara, ntua a wɔde baa ɔhene Porus asono so no mu.

Ɔsatu no akyi no, ɔne Alexander kɔɔ Babilon. Ɛhɔ na na ɔyɛ adehye kuw no muni nanso na ɔyɛ kuw a ɛto so abien no muni nkutoo, na na ɔnte sɛ Alexander asraafo mpanyimfo akɛse no. Ɛhɔ na ɔwaree ne yere Apama, Persia hemmaa, ne ne yere a ɔto so abien nso, Dario III, kan Persia hene no babea.

Bere a Alexander wui no, Alexander nuabarima a wabɔ dam, Phillipus ne ne babarima a na ɔnwo ne yam, Alexander IV, na wɔkyekyɛɛ tumi no mu. Asraafo mpanyimfo dedaw, Perdiccas, a Ptolemy, Lysimachus, Eumenes ne Pheiton gyinaa wɔn akyi no na wodii tumi no. Nanso Ptolemy yii Perdicass mae na wɔhyɛɛ no ​​ma ɔne no koe, bere a ɔne Perdiccas tamfo, ɔsahene Antipatros, ne ne babarima Cassander yɛɛ apam na ɔne no yɛɛ biako akyi. Saa bere no nso, ɔsahene dedaw Antigonos One Eye ne ne babarima Demetrios fii ase ko tiaa wɔn a wodii n’ade no nyinaa denam mmɔden a wɔbɔe sɛ wobedi Asia atɔe fam no so.

Sɛ́ dwetɛ akyɛm so sahene no, na Seleucos yɛ ɔsahene a ɔho hia nanso na ɔnyɛ obi a ɔwɔ tumi. Wɔpaw no sɛ apɔnkɔsotefo no sahene na wɔmaa no dibea nso sɛ chiliarh, biribi a ɛda ɔsahene ne ɔsahene ntam wɔ nnɛyi mmere yi mu. Esiane sɛ na Perdiccas hia ɔsahene nokwafo nti, wɔpaw no wɔ afe 320 mu sɛ satrap anaa amrado wɔ Babilon, ahemman no ahenkurow, ɔmantam a ɛho hia sen biara na ɛyɛ adefo sen biara nanso na enni asraafo tumi kakraa bi no. Otumi dii ɔmantam yi so kosii afe 316 nkutoo mu bere a wɔ tebea foforo mu no, Eumenes de ne ho bataa ho, wɔ Antigonos ahyɛde so no. Nanso Eumenes yii Antogonos mae na Seleucos kɔkaa Antigonos ho tiaa no. Saa mmere yi daa no adi sɛ Seleucos, a ɛnte sɛ ne nnamfo anaa n’atamfo dodow no ara no, na ɔwɔ tumi a ɔde twɛn bere a ɛfata na ɔmfa ogya nkɔ ɔko no mu.

Wɔ afe 315 mu no, Antigonos hyɛn Babilon na Seleucos, amrado no gyee no fɛw so bio. Nanso na abusuabɔ pa no yɛ bere tiaa bi pɛ na wɔhyɛ Seleucos ma otu mmirika bio, saa bere yi de kɔ n’adamfo dedaw Ptolemy, Misraim amrado nkyɛn. Nanso saa bere yi yɛɛ basabasayɛ kɛse, efisɛ wɔ Makedonia no, Cassander kum ɔhene, Philip a wabɔ dam, ne yere Eurydice ne Alexander maame, Olympias.

Wɔ Egypt no, wɔpaw Seleucos sɛ po so ahyɛn sohwɛfo, na na ɔyɛ po so ahyɛn a na wɔwɔ tumi sen biara saa bere no mu biako na ɔkɔɔ so ne Antigonos koe, na ɔno nso nam Ptolemy mmoa so. Eyi dii fi afe 314 kosi 311 A.Y.B.

Wɔ afe 312 mu no, Seleucos dii Antigonos babarima Demetrios Poliorketes so nkonim, na ɔsan de n’ani kyerɛɛ Babilon. Bere a ɔhyɛn ahenkurow no mu, saa bere yi de daa no, wɔmaa no edin Nikator, a efi asɛmfua Nike, anaa Nkonimdi wɔ Hela kasa mu. Afei nso saa afe no bɛyɛɛ afe a edi kan wɔ Seleucid bere so na bere a wɔkan no fii ase wɔ Seleucos so.

Efi afe 311-302 no, wɔyɛɛ n’asatu ahorow no wɔ apuei fam. Ná amansin a wofi hɔ no retew atua na wɔhyɛɛ no ​​ma ɔmaa n’aban no mu yɛɛ den. Otumi duu Indus asubɔnten no ho na ɛhɔ na ɔne India ahemfo yɛɛ apam. Efi hɔ no, ɔtɔɔ akode kuw bi a ɛho hia yiye: asono... ɔno nkutoo ne sodifo a ofi Indus atɔe fam a na ɔwɔ mmoa a wɔyɛ hu yi.

Apuei fam Ɔsatu no akyi no, otumi ne Antigonos ne Demetrios kɔɔ ɔko bio. Nanso wɔ afe 305 mu no Antigonos yɛɛ aniberesɛm bi a ɛsakraa abakɔsɛm... ɔbɔɔ ne ho dawuru sɛ ɔhene. Ɔsahene biara nni hɔ a onyaa akokoduru yɛɛ saa da. Adehye abusua no muni nkutoo na obetumi akura tumi a ɛkorɔn no. Ntɛm ara, Ptolemy, Lysimachus, Cassander ne Seleucos dii n’akyi na eyi kyerɛ sɛ Alexander ahemman no bɛba awiei. Wokum Alexander babarima nso, ne ne maame, na ɔko sii wɔ Antigonos ne Demetrios ntam wɔ ɔfã biako ne Ptolemy, Cassander, Lysimach ne Seleucos ntam wɔ ɔfã foforo.

Wɔ afe 301 A.Y.B., wɔ Ipsus no, ɔko a ɛyɛ gyinaesi no sii wɔ ahemfo no ntam. Wokum Antigonos wɔ ɔko no mu na wɔhyɛɛ Demetrios ma oguan. Ayɔnkofoɔ 4 no paapaee Antigonos ahemman no mu na wɔmaa Seleucos Syria afã ne Asia Kumaa.

Ankyɛ na Syria bɛyɛɛ ɔhaw. Saa bere no mu no na Ptolemy pɛ saa mantam no nso nanso otumi ne n’adamfo dedaw ne ne boafo no dii ɔhaw no ho dwuma. Ne ba, Antiochus Soter, ne Ptolemy ba, Ptolemy Philadelphos, fii ɔko a ɛyɛ hu ase maa ɔmantam a ɛyɛ fɛ yi, ɔko a ɛkɔɔ so awo ntoatoaso pii na na ama ahemman abien no ayɛ mmerɛw.

Efi saa bere no, Seleucos fii ase hyehyɛɛ n’ahemman a ɛsõ sen biara no. Ɔhyehyɛɛ ahenkurow kɛse bi a ɛwɔ Tiger Asubɔnten no so, Seleucia, wɔ afe 307 mu. Wɔ Siria no, ɔyɛɛ Antiokia nso wɔ Orontes so, na wɔde ne babarima panyin, Antiochus Soter (Agyenkwa) din too so. Apameian a ɛwɔ Orontes ne Laodikea wɔ Siria yɛ nkurow akɛse 2 afoforo, a wɔde ne yerenom baanu din too so.

Nanso wɔ afe 282-281 mu no, wɔhyɛɛ no ​​sɛ ɔnkɔ ɔko bio. Afe 301 akyi no, wokum Cassader na wɔbɔɔ Demetrius dawuru sɛ Makedonia hene, wɔ Cassader ananmu. Demetrio nso tow hyɛɛ Asia so nanso Seleucos faa no dommum. Saa bere no Lisimak gyee Demetrio agyapade nanso ntawntawdi bi sii ɔne Seleucos ntam esiane Ptolemy ba, Ptolemy Keraunos nti. Wɔ Couropedion wɔ afe 281 mu no, Alexander asraafo mpanyimfo baanu a wotwa to a wɔte ase no hyiae wɔ ɔko no mu na wokum Lisimach.

Afei de na Seleucos yɛ Alexander asraafo nyinaa sahene a odii nkonim. Nanso na nkrabea yɛ atirimɔdensɛm, dapɛn biako pɛ akyi no, Ptolemy Keraunos kum no na eyi ne Alexander ɔsahene a otwa to no awiei...

Ne sika a ɔde yɛ no yɛ nwonwa yiye. Onyaa hokwan nyaa dade a ɛsom bo pii.

Sika a na wɔtaa de di dwuma paa ne dwetɛ tetradrakm, anaa drakma 4. Wɔde dwetɛ na ɛyɛe na ɔfã biako kyerɛ Hercules ti na wɔ ɔfã foforo no Zeus te ahengua bi so. Atetesɛm no ne BASILEOU SELEOUKOU anaa “ɔhene Seleucos (sika)” .

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nkae nsɛm no yɛ nwonwa kɛse. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ɔhene no mfonini pue, a wɔde dade kyɛw. Nsɛmma nhoma biako kyerɛ Zeus ti wɔ ɔfã biako ne quadriga a asono twe kɔ nifa wɔ ɔfã foforo, a ɛyɛ ayɛyɛde ma ahemman no asraafo akode titiriw.

Afei nso ɔwɔ kɔbere sika pii a ɛtoatoa so, a wɔde yɛ mpɔtam hɔ aguadi, a sika bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa ka ho. Saa sika yi biako kyerɛ Medusa, ɔbea a osiw obiara a ɔhwɛɛ no ​​abo wɔ ɔfã biako ne nantwinini bi a ɔbɔɔ no wɔ ɔfã foforo pɛɛ no ​​ti.

Vasilita Stefan na ɔkyerɛwee


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