Damian Miles
Damian Miles

發佈於6th Oct 2023

修改於5th Nov 2023

Coin Grading Systems: Abakɔsɛm ne Ntotoho.

Wonnim faako a sika a wɔboaboa ano no fi bae, nanso yebetumi anya awerɛhyem sɛ anigyede no nyaa nkɔso wɔ nsasepɔn ahorow so wɔ akwan horow so. Bere a anigyede no trɛwee no, na ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ kasa bi a wɔde bɛka sika ne ne tebea pɔtee ho asɛm akyerɛ wɔn a wɔboaboa ano ne wɔn a wɔtɔn afoforo. Ná eyinom yɛ nna a edi hɔ ansa na wɔretwa mfonini, enti na ɛho hia sɛ wɔfa ɔkwan a wɔfa so de ano anaa wɔkyerɛw.

Bere bi na Great Britain na na Ɔmanfo ne Ankorankoro sika a wɔboaboa ano no dɔɔso sen biara na nea efii mu bae ne sɛ na ɛwɔ mpɔtam hɔ sika ho animdefo (ɔbenfo, nhwehwɛmufo anaa sika a wɔboaboa ano a osua nhoma yiye) sen biara wɔ wiase. Saa animdefo kuw yi trɛw kɔɔ wiase nyinaa, koduu baabi a Britania Ahemman no duu hɔ. Esiane sɛ na Borɔfo kasa ne kasa a wɔka no kɛse nti, wofii ase de Engiresi nhyehyɛe no dii dwuma wɔ wiase nyinaa na afoforo nso fii eyi mu. Wubetumi aka sɛ Britania nhyehyɛe no ne nokware abasobɔde nhyehyɛe a edi kan.

Britania nhyehyɛe titiriw, anaa UK nhyehyɛe sɛ wopɛ a, efi soro kosi ase ne;

FDC - Fleur de Coin: Nkonimdi ma Adanse nhwɛsode ahorow a ɛyɛ pristine. Ɛnyɛ nea ɛbɛsɛe anaasɛ asɛe koraa .

UNC - Uncirculated: Sika a ɛte sɛ nea efi mint no mu a enni sɛnkyerɛnne biara a ɛkyerɛ sɛ asɛe anaasɛ ɛredi akɔneaba, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ 100% a ɛkɔ akyiri no da so ara da adi. UNC sika betumi anya agyiraehyɛde nketenkete paa, nsensanee ne ɔsɛe, a wɔtaa frɛ no “bag agyiraehyɛde”. Bag agyiraehyɛde fi sɛ sika no ne sika afoforo di nkitaho bere a wɔreyɛ no. Ɛyɛ nea wontumi nkwati bere a sika pii wɔ hɔ a wɔyɛ no kɛse bere koro mu na wɔne wɔn ho wɔn ho di nkitaho no. Ebia wɔde saa abasobɔde yi bedi dwuma wɔ nnɛyi sika a wunya fi sikakorabea, wɔ bag mu, a wɔyɛɛ no ​​afe yi (na woayɛ afe no mfiase).

EF - Extremely Fine (ɛtɔ da bi a wɔtwa no tiawa sɛ XF): Sika a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛho asɛe kakraa bi pɛ fi circulation mu, 95% wɔ mfitiaseɛ adwini no da so ara wɔ hɔ. Sɛ asɛe kakra a ɛkɔ mmeae a ɛkorɔn sen biara no da adi. Ɛsɛ sɛ nsensanee ne nneɛma a asɛe no yɛ nea ɛba fam koraa. Ebia mint luster (sheen) bi da so ara wɔ hɔ. Wɔ nnɛyi sika bi so no, ebia eyi yɛ biribi a wɔde adi dwuma afe biako ni. Wɔ sika dedaw so no, anka Ef sika bi bɛdi akɔneaba bere tiaa bi efisɛ na dade a wɔde di dwuma no taa yɛ mmerɛw (Sika, Dwetɛ, Kɔbere, Zinc, Aluminium).

VF - Very Fine: Sika rehwere kakra wɔ nsɛm a ɛyɛ fɛ te sɛ nhwi a wɔakyerɛkyerɛ mu, aboɔden abo, mmoa anim anaa aboa nhoma nketenkete afã horow ne nea ɛkeka ho 75%, ebia ɛboro saa, of the original design showing. Ebia eyi yɛ sika a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ akyiri so mfe 5 sɛ nhwɛso.

F - Fine: Eyinom afi ase rekyerɛ sɛ aniberesɛm asɛe wɔ mmeae a ɛkorɔn no nyinaa, ɛnyɛ nea ɛboro 50% wɔ adwini no mu. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔ mfonini ahorow so no, ti nhwi ho nsɛm nyinaa akɔ. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wotumi hu nkyerɛase ahorow a ɛfa mpaapaemu, pɔnkɔ dua ne nea ɛkeka ho. Sɛ sika koro no ara na wɔde di dwuma mfe 25 a, ɛda adi kɛse sɛ eyi bɛba saa beae yi.

Fair: Sika a asɛe kɛse, mpɛn pii no ɛnyɛ nea ɛboro 25% wɔ mfitiase nhyehyɛe no mu. Mpɛn pii no, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobehu nkyerɛwee, nna ne nneɛma a ɛwɔ hɔ nyinaa. Ɛnyɛ sika a ɛyɛ fɛ sen biara. Gye sɛ eyinom yɛ nea ɛntaa nsi anaasɛ akyɛ titiriw, dodow no ara a wɔwɔ saa adesuakuw yi mu no som bo kɛse.

Ohia: Sika a ɛwɔ saa grade yi mu no, wɔhyɛ dodo, mpɛn pii no bɛyɛ 10% wɔ mfitiaseɛ adwini no mu. Ebia na nkyerɛwde anaa date no bi ayɛ mmerɛw. Ebia adwini no afã atitiriw no bɛyɛ torotoro a nsɛm nketenkete no nyinaa nni hɔ. Eyi nyɛ grade a wɔtaa de di dwuma efisɛ sika a ɛwɔ saa tebea yi mu no taa kowie “dade bokiti” a wɔde sika a ne bo nyɛ den sie kosi sɛ ɛbɛdɔɔso a wɔbɛtɔn ama dade a ɛwɔ mu no. Bio nso, nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsono, nanso ɛnyɛ pii, na ɛho yɛ na kɛse nkutoo.

Mpɛn pii no, Below poor nyɛ nea ɛboro diski a kan no na ɛyɛ sika kɔkɔɔ no kɛse. Ɛnyɛ papa biara mpo mma ti anaa dua.

Wɔde nsɛmfua afoforo adi dwuma de atrɛw saa abasobɔde ahorow yi mu te sɛ Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ, Ɛfa, Ɛbɛn, Eye ne nea ɛkeka ho Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ, bɛyɛ ne nea ɛbɛn kyerɛ sɛ ankɔ agyiraehyɛde no so koraa (Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔankɔ akyiri). Papa kyerɛ sɛ eye kakra, Eye Very Fine ye sen Very Fine, a eye sen About Very Fine. Plus anaa minus yɛ ɛtɔ da bi a wɔde di dwuma ma sika a ɛyɛ nhwɛsoɔ pa a ɛfa grade no ho, nanso ɛnyɛ grade a ɛkorɔn no koraa s.e. VF +, ɛnyɛ EF anaa EF koraa- ɛnyɛ EF koraa.

Sɛ yɛhwɛ m’ankasa a, m’ani nnye asɛmfua a wɔankyekyɛ no ho. Ɛma wonya adwene sɛ efi mint no mu aba wo nsa mu tẽẽ, nanso nokwarem no ɛda adi kɛse sɛ ɛfa nsa pii, kotoku ne sika kotoku mu ansa na adu wo nneɛma a woaboaboa ano no ho, enti nokwarem no, wontumi mfa no nhyɛ mu sɛ wɔmfa nkyinkyin. Michael Gouby, Britania tumidifo a wobu no yiye, wɔ Pennies ho titiriw, fii ase de asɛmfua “Practically as Struck” (PAS) dii dwuma, a ɛyɛ asɛmfua a ɛyɛ nokware kɛse. Ɛyɛ m’anidasoɔ sɛ ɔmanfoɔ a wɔdɔɔso no bɛgye yei atom.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na eyi nyinaa kyerɛ ase kɔ aman afoforo so?

Nhyehyɛe ahorow a aman yi de di dwuma no ho bɛyɛ sɛ wɔde toto ho wɔ ase ha. Sɛnea ɛte no, aman afoforo a wɔka kasa koro no taa de nhyehyɛe koro no ara di dwuma.

Table a ɛkyerɛ Britania ne Europafo abasobɔde nsenia a wɔde toto ho. Aman yi mu dodow no ara di nhyehyɛe a ɛte saa ara akyi fi ase fi nea ɛba fam koraa so na ɛba awiei a FDC wɔ soro. Nea enni atifi hɔ pon no so ne nhyehyɛe a wɔde di dwuma wɔ Amerika Sikakorabea Ho Adesua mu no. U.S., ne nnwumakuw a ɛto so abiɛsa a wɔde abasobɔde ma* dodow no ara de Sheldon Scale di dwuma. Ná eyi yɛ nsenia a William Herbert Sheldon na ɔyɛe. Wɔyɛɛ saa nhyehyɛe yi na wodii kan de kyerɛɛ The American Numismatic Association (ANA) wɔ 1949. Ná n’adwene ne sɛ ɔde nhyehyɛe foforo a wɔde bɛma Amerikafo Cent a edi kan no abasobɔde bɛma. Na nsenia titiriw no te sɛ pon a ɛwɔ ase hɔ no wɔ benkum so, ne ntotoho a wɔde toto Britania nhyehyɛe no ho wɔ nifa so.

Table a ɛde Britania ne Sheldon nsenia sika nkyerɛwde toto ho Bere kɔɔ so no ANA sesaa saa nsenia yi ma ɛde abasobɔde pii a ɛwɔ 1 kosi 70 kaa ho.Wɔsan nso yɛɛ nhyehyɛe yɛɛ sɛnea ɛne U.S. sika afoforo yɛ adwuma no mu nhwehwɛmu na wɔwoo abasobɔde nhyehyɛe a edi mũ.

Aman dodow no ara bɔ wɔn ankasa abasobɔde nhyehyɛe ho ban na ɛte sɛ nea ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔbɛsesa no daakye a enni akyiri, nanso nnwumakuw atitiriw a wɔde abasobɔde * ma a ɛto so abiɛsa no wɔ U.S., enti me nkɔmhyɛ ne sɛ wobefi ase de adi dwuma kɛse wɔ amanaman ntam. Wɔ mfiridwuma mu no eyi bɛkyerɛ sɛ sika biara, a efi ɔman biara mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsan hwehwɛ mu na wɔyɛ mmara ahorow bi a ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛnea wɔde sika yi bɛto mu, nanso ɛnyɛ ɛno ne nea ɛrekɔ so mprempren.

*Dɛn ne Third Party Grading Company?

Sɛ motɔ sika na motɔn a, mo mu baako na ɔdi kan, ɔfoforo no yɛ ɔfa a ɔtɔ so mmienu. Coin Grading Companies, sɛ grade sika nko ara, yɛ obi a ɔto so abiɛsa wɔ saa nhyehyɛe yi mu. Wɔmfa wɔn ho nhyɛ mu tẽẽ, nanso wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu.

Ɛsɛ sɛ adwumakuw a wɔde abasobɔde ma no de ne ho, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛnsɛ sɛ wonya nea ebefi abasobɔde no mu aba no ho anigye. Wɔbɛhwɛ sika biara ankasa mfaso ne abasobɔde a wonni animhwɛ. Sɛ wɔyɛ wie a, ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛsɔ sika no ano wɔ nneɛma bi mu, slab anaa sika kotoku na ɛtaa ba. Saa nneɛma a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma yi taa yɛ nea wontumi nsɛe no na ɛwɔ nsɛm a ɛfa nkyerɛwde a wɔde hyɛ mu no ho.

Eduu bere bi no mitumi huu hia a ehia sɛ wɔyɛ nnwumakuw a wɔma wɔn abasobɔde a ɛto so abiɛsa. Wɔ bere bi ansa na nkɔso reba wɔ dijitaal mfoninitwa mu no na ɛyɛ ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so ahwɛ ahu sɛ sika a woretɔ no yɛ sika a na worehwɛ kwan no. Na ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na sika a wɔtɔn no din ahorow no wɔ mfonini, na sɛ wonya bi a, na ɛnyɛ nea ɛtaa yɛ akɛse. Ná mfonini ahorow a wɔde mena wɔ Intanɛt so anaa email so nni nsusuwii a ɛho hia na ama wɔahu nsɛm a ɛyɛ fɛ no. Ɛnnɛ yɛwɔ telefon a wokura kyin a etumi twa mfonini yiye sen mfoninitwa afiri a eye sen biara a wɔde sii hɔ mfe 20 a atwam ni no. Eyinom tumi yɛ mfonini ahorow a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wubetumi de akyerɛ sika bi. Ne su afoforo te sɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nokware, ne kɛse ne ne mu duru a ɛfata ne nea ɛkeka ho a wɔbɛhwehwɛ mu no yɛ asɛm foforo.

M’ankasa m’adwene ne sɛ ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na nnwumakuw a wɔde abasobɔde ma nnipa a wɔto so abiɛsa no ho wɔ mfaso. Sɛ wonya sika a wɔahyɛ no agyirae a, ɛde ɛka kɛse ka sika bi ho ampa na ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na ɛma wonya saa bio bere a wɔtɔn sika bi no.

Nnwumakuw a wɔde sika a wɔde hyɛ mu a ɛwɔ ɔman pɔtee bi mu no taa nya sika a efi saa ɔman no mu ho nimdeɛ kɛse, nanso nkyerɛwde no betumi akɔ so wosow kakra wɔ sika a ɛwɔ wɔn “da biara da” asinasin akyi no ho. Mfomso ahorow a wɔannye, sika a wɔabɔ no mmerɛw a wɔde toto ho sɛ ɛyɛ nea asɛe sen sɛnea ɛte, ne ahorow ahorow a wɔanhu no yiye nyinaa yɛ nneɛma a mahu. Mpɛn pii no, nea ɔtɔn saa sika yi de kɔma sɛ wɔmfa nkɔhyɛ mu efisɛ ɛnyɛ wɔn nimdeɛ, enti wɔwɔ ahotoso koraa wɔ adwumakuw a wɔde nkyerɛwde ma no mu.

Coin grading yɛ subjective, ne nyinaa gyina adwene so na eyi yɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛn nyinaa hu. Ɛsɛ sɛ saa adwene yi bi yɛ nea wotumi de ho to so sen afoforo, ebia ebinom nyɛ nea wotumi de ho to so saa, eyi na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛte ase. Sɛ́ adetɔfo, adetɔnfo, sika a wɔboaboa ano no, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛn nyinaa ho tɔ yɛn sɛ yɛbɛyɛ yɛn ankasa nhwehwɛmu sɛnea yɛn adwene ho hia no. Sɛ woretɔ sika na wohu no “wɔ honam mu” a, hwɛ hu sɛ wubegye bere ahwɛ no, de magnification ne lighting bedi dwuma, de sika no akɔ anim ne akyi wɔ hann no mu, dannan no de asusuw ne soro hyerɛn anaa tebea. Sɛ woretɔ nneɛma wɔ Intanɛt so na wuntumi nhu nsɛm a wopɛ sɛ wuhu no yiye a, bisa mfonini pii.

Sɛ wo ne obi foforo abasobɔde nhyia a, ɛnyɛ hwee. Afei ɛyɛ wo na wobɛpaw sɛ wobɛkɔ, wo ne wɔn asusuw ho (ɛwom sɛ nnipa pii fa no sɛ ɛyɛ wɔn ankasa de), anaasɛ wubegyina w’ankasa w’adwene so asi gyinae.

Daakye no.

Ɛhe na sika a wɔde hyɛ mu no bɛkɔ fi ha? Hena na onim? Me nkɔmhyɛ ne sɛ abasobɔde nsenia bɛyɛ nea ɛkɔ akyiri. Yɛahu eyi dedaw denam “ɛkame ayɛ sɛ” ne “+” a wɔde aka ho no so. Sheldon nsenia no yɛ nea ɛyɛ den, nanso ɛma kwan ma wɔda tebea no adi kɛse. Nkitahodi kɛse ne nea ɛda adi pefee wɔ anigyede no nyinaa mu betumi ayɛ ade pa ara kwa.

Eyi yɛ abɔde mu nkɔso a ɔmanfo nyinaa na ɛkanyan. Ɔmanfoɔ nyinaa hwehwɛ sɛ wɔdi nokware na wɔgye tom kɛseɛ. Nokwaredi a wonni ne nsisi ama adetɔfo ate nka sɛ wɔasisi wɔn, enti mprempren wɔhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde bɔhyɛ ma.

Me fam no, nea enye ne sɛ nneɛma a wɔayɛ no yiye no kowie sɛ wɔbɛsɔ nnaka mu na ɛbɛma wɔn a wɔboaboa ano no atwa kakra wɔ nneɛma a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔboaboa ano no ho. M’ani da so ara gye ho sɛ mɛdi sika a wɔde di dwuma (ahwɛyiye kɛse) na mahwɛ mu kɔ akyiri kɛse. Mewɔ abusuabɔ kakraa bi wɔ asinasin a wɔatoto mu no ho.

Damian J. Miles na ɔkyerɛwee

Coins Auctioned ma auctions foforo dapɛn biara.


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