U.S. Mfomso Sika: Sikakorabea Ho Adesua mu Nneɛma a Ɛnyɛ Nea Ɛyɛ Anigye

Wɔyɛ mfomso sika (a wɔsan frɛ no “mint-made error coins” anaa “mint error coins,”) wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so, mpɛn pii no esiane mfomso bi a wɔyɛe wɔ sika a wɔde yɛ sika no mu nti.

Mfomso a ɛtaa ba wɔ sika mu ne ɔhwe a ɛba mfinimfini, baabi a sɛnea wɔayɛ no stamped no nhyɛ sika no mfinimfini.

Mfomso sika a agye din bi:

• 1955 Lincoln Awi Penny a wɔawuwu mmɔho abien

• 1982 P-Roosevelt Dime na ɔkyerɛwee

• 1942/1 Mercury Dime a ɛboro so

• 1935 “DDR” Buffalo Nickel a Wɔde Bɔ Mmienu

• 1922 “D biara nni hɔ” Lincoln Cent

• 1943 Nnipa a Wɔwuwu Mmienu Abverse Quarter

• 2004 Ahaban a Ɛka Ho Wisconsin Mantam Asoɛe

Yɛn kuw a wɔyɛ amanaman ntam abenfo no ani agye sɛ wɔbɛkyɛ yɛn nnwuma mu nimdeɛ a ɛfa mfomso sika ahorow, ne ho yɛ na ne bo a ɛsom, ne sɛnea wobehu biako ho.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Anan off-center struck mfomso Lincoln cents | Mfonini no fi: Doug sika, CC-BY-SA-4.0

Abakɔsɛm mu Nsɛm a Wɔakyerɛw

Bere a wɔde nsa bɔ sika no, na mfomso ahorow sisi bere nyinaa.

Nneɛma a ɛnhyia no maa ɛyɛɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛyɛ atoro, enti afeha a ɛto so 16 Europa sikakorabea ahorow de sika a wɔayam (a wɔde mfiri ayɛ) a wɔde skru tintim dii dwuma. Na sika no yɛ nea etu mpɔn na ɛkɔ akyiri — na ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛyɛ atoro.

Screw press bɛyɛɛ steam press, na awiei koraa no ɛde anyinam ahoɔden mfiri a wɔde di dwuma nnɛ bae.

Ɛnnɛ, mints bu sika a ɛtɔ sin, kyerɛ (na ɛma ɛyɛ yiye) mfomso fibea, na wɔsan de mfomso sika dodow no ara di dwuma ansa na wɔakyekyɛ.

Sika Mfomso Ahorow

Sika a ɛtɔ sin dodow no ara hyɛ akuw a edidi so yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa ase:

• Planchet : Dade diski kurukuruwa a wɔasiesie sɛ wɔbɛbɔ sɛ sika pɔtee bi; AKA “blank” anaa “flan” .

• Die : Nnwinnade abien a ɛyɛ den a wɔde dade a wɔde stamp ayɛ a mfonini a ɛdannan wom no mu biako, a wɔde si sika bi afã abien no nyinaa ansa na wɔabɔ

• Strike : Adeyɛ a wɔde mia design (via dies) wɔ planchet so

Afei yɛbɛhwɛ category biara coin error lists.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Jefferson nikel a ɛwɔ akyi a lamination crack| Mfonini no: sikasɛm mu nokwasɛm, n’ankasa adwuma, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Planchet Mfomso Ahorow

Wɔ planchet mfomso mu no, planchet no yɛ mfomso. Ebia abubu, apaapae, ɛnyɛ den anaasɛ emu yɛ duru sɛnea ɛsɛ, enni mũ, anaasɛ dade a ɛnteɛ.

Mfomso ahorow a ɛwɔ planchet sika mu:

• Blank Planchet : Ɛnfa press mu, ɛda so ara di akɔneaba

• Planchet a ɛnteɛ : Wɔde Planchet a wɔde ahyɛ afiri a ɛnteɛ mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, penny planchet a wɔde quarter dies abɔ) .

• Amannɔne Planchet : Planchet a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔde yɛ amannɔne sika a wɔde U.S. sika a wowuwu

• Clipped Planchet : Ɛnyɛ kurukuruwa a edi mũ efisɛ dade krataa no nhyia wɔ afiri a wɔde twa planchet mu; Ntwitwiridii betumi ayɛ tẽẽ, ayɛ kurukuruwa, anaasɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛkɔ so daa

• Dirty Planchet : Design details dull anaasɛ enni plantchet a ngo/fĩ wom mu; Nneɛma a asɛe wɔ planchet so betumi ama nhama foforo aba wɔ adwini mu

• Lamination Error / Split Planchet : Dade a efĩ anaasɛ emu nhyɛso a ɛwɔ planchet aduru mu no ma sika no ani yɛ peel, kɔla sesa, anaasɛ ɛpaapae

• Struck on Feeder Finger : Feeder finger (de planchets hyɛ/fi press mu) a wɔde planchet no abɔ anaasɛ wɔde abɔ no ananmu

• Transitional : Planchet a atwam alloy struck sɛ foforo dated sika akyi mint nsakrae kɔ foforo composition

Nhwɛsoɔ baako a agye din a ɛfa planchet mfomsoɔ sika a ɛsom boɔ ho ne Georgia quarter die a wɔabɔ wɔ penny planchet so... wɔtɔn no $3,500!

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Jefferson nickel a die break (cud) mfomso kɛse | Mfonini no: sikasɛm mu nokwasɛm, n’ankasa adwuma, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Die Mfomso

Die mfomso ba bere a wɔanyɛ dies no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so (mfomso a ɛba ansa na wɔreyɛ), wɔde ahyɛ press no mu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛmfata so, anaasɛ asɛe bere a wɔreyɛ sika no, mpofirim anaasɛ bere kɔ so no.

Mfomso ahorow a ɛwɔ die mu:

• Die Crack : Krataa a ɛwɔ die mu no de kɔ sika kɔkɔɔ mu, na ɛma nhama (nhama) a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛkɔ soro .

• Major Die Break (Cud) : Mpaapaemu a ɛwɔ die mu no ma die no fã bi bubu, na ɛma sika a ɛwɔ blank blob wɔ baabi a die bubui no

• Die Clash : Planchet nni kɔla mu sɛ ɛbɛkura mu, enti soro ne ase dies hyia, na ɛma wɔn ho wɔn ho nya adwene fã bi; Sika a wɔde dies a wɔabɔ no apete no wɔ “akasakasa agyiraehyɛde” – afã horow a akɔ fam, ahwehwɛ mu nneɛma (mpɛn pii no ɛba fam sen 10% wɔ nhyehyɛe no mu) .

• Die Cap : Planchet a atwam wɔ press mu no ntumi ntutu, wɔde planchet foforo gu mu, na planchet a edi kan no bata sika ho; Sɛ wɔbɔ mpɛn pii a, ɛma planchet toa a edi kan no yɛ te sɛ nea wɔde akata so

• Die Alignment : Design tilted, rotated, anaa pivoted fi dies a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ

• Rotated Die : Die biako di akɔneaba, na ɛma design no nkyerɛ kwan wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so (sɛ nhwɛso no, reverse & obverse abien no nyinaa hwɛ atifi fam) .

• Overdate / Overmintmark : Mfomso dedaw; New date/mintmark punched onto dedaw die nanso sika kyerɛ nkae dedaw date/mintmark

• Mule : Sika a wɔde dies a ɛnyɛ nea wɔahyɛ da ayɛ sɛ wɔde bedi dwuma abom abɔ; Mfurumfun a “wɔn ho yɛ fɛ” wɔ adanse 1 wu na 1 yɛ adwuma wu

• Double (Doubled) Die (DDO anaa DDR) : Wɔde mfonini ahorow a ɛwɔ sika so no fã bi anaasɛ ne nyinaa yɛ mmɔho abien efisɛ na adwini a ɛwɔ die no so no nhyia; Ebetumi ayɛ nea ɛwɔ anim (DDO) anaa akyi (DDR); Triple die (TDO anaa TDR) ne quadruple die (QDO anaa QDR) nso betumi aba

• Repunched Mint Mark (RPM) : Mint agyiraehyɛde krataa koro no ara (sɛ nhwɛso no, "D" ma Denver Mint anaa "S" ma San Francisco Mint) a wɔamia mprenu nanso ɛnsɛ (afã ahorow anaa mmeae ahorow wɔ sika so); Ansa na 1989 reba nkutoo bere a wɔde mint agyiraehyɛde bɔɔ dies a ɛreyɛ adwuma so nkutoo

• Over Mint Mark (OMM) : Wɔde mint agyiraehyɛde biako bɔɔ mint agyiraehyɛde soronko bi so wɔ sika koro no ara so

Mfomso ahorow bi a wonim no yiye wɔ die mu ne “MAD ntawntawdi,” Lincoln cent fi 1992 kosi 2000 a anyɛ yiye koraa no, ntɔkwaw agyiraehyɛde a emu yɛ den a ɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 20 a ɛnhyia.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Nickel a brockage mfomso | Mfonini no fi: Mudskippie, Ɔmanfo de

Mfomso a Ɛwɔ Strike Mu

Mfomso a ɛba wɔ adwumayɛban mu ba bere a biribi ankɔ yiye bere a wɔde stamp reto sika no so wɔ nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfo mu no. Esiane sɛ nneɛma pii na ɛka ho nti, sika mu mfomso pii fi mfomso a ɛba wɔ adwumayɛ mu no mu:

• Off-Center Strike : Wɔde Planchet ma wɔ press mu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛmfata so, na ɛde off-center design ba

• Double / Triple Strike : Planchet bɔɔ mpɛn pii efisɛ ɛnpue; Mpɛn pii no wɔde frafra double die / triple die mfomso

• Die Adjustment : Low-pressure strike ma faint design efisɛ operator adjusts afiri

• Strike-Through : Ahɔho ade (sɛ nhwɛso no, ti nhwi, ngo, staples) kɔ planchet so, gyaw impression/embedment (“retained” strike-through) anaasɛ ɛbubu/paapae koraa bere a wɔabɔ sika pɛnkoro no

• Broadstrike : Wɔbɔ planchet a wɔmfa nkura kɔla mu, enti sika a efi mu ba no yɛ kɛse

• Partial Collar : Coin wɔ malformed edge efisɛ kɔla a ɛkura no no nnyɛ nea ɛde ne ho ahyɛ mu koraa

• Brockage : Sika a wɔamia dedaw no nnua a ewu na egyaw ahwehwɛ mfonini wɔ sika a edi hɔ a wɔamia no so; Sɛ afei wɔbɔ brockage (sika a wɔde ahwehwɛ ayɛ mfonini) no gu planchet mu a, ɛyɛ counterbrockage

• Bonded Coins : Sika mmienu (minted anaa planchets) a wɔabɔ mu & afrafra; Bɛboro abien = “bonded pile-up” .

• Double Denomination : Sika a wɔde ma denam mfiri pii a wɔde tintim nhoma so

• Struck Fragments : Dade asinasin (nneɛma a asɛe anaa planchet no fã bi) abɔ, ɛtra dan mu, afei ɛne planchet a edi hɔ no bɔ

• Fold-Over Strike : Planchet aduane vertically, nya pressed wɔ ne ano & fã bi folded so; Z-fold anaa double foldover strike = planchet awiei a ɛne ne ho bɔ abira wɔ paraxial folds

Wɔ mfomso ahorow yi mu no, adwumayɛfo a wɔtow hyɛ nkurɔfo so wɔ abɔnten so no ka sika a wɔtaa di wɔ sika mu no ho.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Lincoln cent a date fã bi pɛ na ɛwɔ mu, ɛbɛyɛ sɛ efi die| a wɔahyɛ no ma Mfonini no: sikasɛm mu nokwasɛm, n’ankasa adwuma, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Mfomso Afoforo

Mfomso pii sisi bere a wɔabɔ planchet no mfiase no akyi (post-strike).

Nhwɛsoɔ a ɛfa sika mu mfomsoɔ ahodoɔ foforɔ ho ne:

• Ejection Impact Doubling (EID) : Offset, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛpete, raised design doubling bere a wɔpia sika a wɔabɔ no san kɔ die a ɛretwe akyi no mu

• Adanse Mfomso : Mfomso ahorow a ɛma adanse ntumi nhyia adanse sika gyinapɛn ahorow, te sɛ dies a ɛnhyia anaasɛ special finishes a enni mũ

• Ejection Damage : Ɔsɛe (sɛ nhwɛso no, scratches, scrapes) fi feeder anaa ejector bere a sika da so ara wɔ chamber mu bere a wɔabɔ akyi

• Crenellated Rim : Reeding a ɛware a ɛda hɔ (a ɛte sɛ picket ban) a ɛwɔ sika no ano a ɛba bere a wɔpia sika fi kɔla mu no

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a mfomso ahorow ba wɔ nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ sika no anoano no mu, na ɛno ne:

• Ɛyera koraa

• Wɔabɔ no mmɔho abien anaasɛ wɔakata so

• Wɔakyerɛw no yiye

• Wɔde ntam kwan a ɛnteɛ wɔ adwini no mu

• Skipped (nkyerɛwde a ɛnteɛ) .

• Ɛnyɛ nea edi mũ

• Wɔ planchet a ɛnteɛ anaasɛ planchet a wɔanbɔ no so

• Ɛmu dɔ dodo

• Wɔde apetepete so

• Wɔayɛ no chipped

Enti, mfomso sika bɛn na ɛsom bo?

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: 1943 Lincoln cent a wɔde kɔbere planchet abɔ so sen sɛ wɔde dade planchet a wɔde zinc akata so no anim ne akyi | Mfonini no fi: Ira & Larry Goldberg Sika & Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano, Inc , Ɔmanfo de

Rarity, Botae & Nneɛma a Wɔboaboa Ano

Mfomso sika bo a ɛsom no gyina nneɛma kakraa bi so:

• Rarity : Rare error coins no bi ne nea na mintage a ɛba fam (ka kakraa bi na wɔayɛ), a wɔnyɛe bio, anaasɛ ɛwɔ mfomso a ɛntaa nsi kɛkɛ. Ebia sika a mfomso a ɛkorɔn wom (te sɛ sika a ɛyɛ sɛnt 50 ne dɔla 1) bɛyɛ nea ɛsom bo sen sika a ɛba fam (te sɛ sɛnt 1 anaa sɛnt 5), efisɛ wɔyɛ sika a ɛba fam pii afe biara.

• Tebea : Mfomso sika dedaw a ɛwɔ tebea pa mu no betumi akora bo a ɛkorɔn so. Tebea no nso betumi akyerɛ sɛnea mfomso no yɛ kɛse — mfomso a ɛyɛ nwonwa kɛse taa kyerɛ sɛ ɛsom bo kɛse.

• Ahwehwɛde : Mfomso sika bi a wɔhwehwɛ no sakra bere kɔ so, enti ne bo betumi asesa agyina sɛnea agye din mprempren no so.

Mprempren, nnɛyi sika mu mfomso ho yɛ na na ɛsom bo. Mfomso a wotumi boaboa ano ne sika a wɔde hyɛ mu te sɛ adanse ho yɛ na mpo.

Hwehwɛ sɛ ebia wo sika kɔkɔɔ mfomso ahorow no fata sika denam sika a wɔde hyɛ mu ho ɔbenfo bi a wobɛkɔ akɔhwɛ sɛnea ɛho yɛ na ne ne tebea no so, afei ma wo sika bo a ɛsom a egyina mprempren ahwehwɛde so.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: 1955 Lincoln cent a wɔawuwu mmɔho abien no anim. Wɔnnyɛ reverse no upload sɛnea ɛte sɛ Wheat cent | Mfonini no: Lost Dutchman Rare Coins ma mfonini & Victor David Brenner ma sika, Public domain

Mfomso Sika a Agye Din

Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ nea agye din sen biara: 1955 penny a wowuwu mmɔho abien anaa “DDO Lincoln cent.” Saa afe no mu penny die no anhyia, enti wɔmaa anim mfonini no mmɔho abien kɛse wɔ bɛyɛ 20,000 kosi 24,000 a wɔkyinkyin mu.

Saa mfomso sika a ɛsom bo yi betumi atɔn dɔla 1,000 kosi bɛboro dɔla 125,000.

Mfomso sika foforo a ɛyɛ agyiraehyɛde: 1943 kɔbere (kɔbere) Lincoln cent . Wiase Ko II mu kɔbere a wohia no ma wɔde dade a wɔde zinc akata so yɛɛ 1943 penny planchets sen sɛ wɔde kɔbere bɛyɛ.

Nanso, wɔde 1943 penny yi mu kakraa bi bɔɔ kɔbere a wɔde afra (kɔbere) plantchets a aka so. Wɔatɔn kɔbere sika a wɔde yɛɛ 1943 no dɔla 100,000 kosi dɔla ɔpepem 1.7! Saa mfomso cent ahorow yi te sɛ 1944 dade penny a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔde kɔbere bɛbɔ, a ɛho yɛ na kakra pɛ; 1944-S dade cent bi a wɔtɔn no dɔla 408,000 wɔ afe 2021 mu.

Nanso, wɔsan tɔn 1943-D kɔbere cent a ɛyɛ nwonwa a wɔtɔn no dɔla ɔpepem 1.7 wɔ afe 2010 mu no gyee dɔla 840,000 wɔ afe 2021 mu.

Mprempren mfomso a wɔde sii hɔ kyerɛwtohɔ no yɛ 1958 DDO (doubled-die obverse) Lincoln cent , abiɛsa pɛ a wonim no mu biako, a wɔtɔn no $1,136,250 wɔ January 2023 mu.

Mfomso Ahorow Sika a Ɛfata Sika

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ bere nyinaa na sika mu mfomso ahorow bi bɛkɔ so ayɛ mfaso kɛse. Mfomso ahorow a ɛsom bo a ɛba wɔ sika mu ni:

• Broadstrikes a wɔde di dwuma

• Nna a wɔde di dwuma boro so

• Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛboro so

• Mfurumpɔnkɔ

• Brockage a ɛkata so koraa

• Asɔre a Wɔyɛ Mmienu

• Mfomso (Amannɔne) Planchet

• Mmienu-Wɔ

• Adanse Mfomso Sikakorabea

Ɛho hia sɛ wonya mfomso sika a wɔagye atom na ama woahu sɛ ɛyɛ apam ankasa.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Mfomso a wɔatwitwa planchet wɔ Jefferson nickel | Mfonini no: sikasɛm mu nokwasɛm, n’ankasa adwuma, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Mfomso a Wohu & Wogye Di

Ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛyɛ atoro wɔ sika mu mfomso ahorow bi mu, te sɛ:

• Edge bɔ akuturuku

• Strike-throughs a wɔde di dwuma

• Planchets a wɔatwitwa

Ebia wɔbɛyɛ mfomso sika a agye din no atoro kɛse, te sɛ 1955 awi sika a wowuwu mprenu no. Wɔyɛɛ 40,000 pɛ na wonim bɛyɛ 15,000 nnɛ, nanso atorofo abɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛyɛ wɔn DIY de anya sika ntɛmntɛm.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw biako a ɛkyerɛ sɛ atoro sika a ɛwuwu mprenu ne mfonini a ɛyɛ nwonwa (ɛnyɛ nea wɔama so) .

Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wogye mfomso sika a ɛyɛ nokware a, kɔka intanɛt so sika a wɔboaboa ano nhyiam ahorow ho na hu sɛ ebia wo mfomso sika no fata sɛ wosusuw ho anaa. Nnwumakuw abien a ɛto so abiɛsa a wɔwɔ din kɛse ne PCGS (Professional Coin Grading Services) ne Numismatic Guaranty Company (NGC).

Ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ wo mfomso sika no a wɔbɛma wɔahyɛ no agyirae ho no gyina ne bo a ɛsen biara a wɔsan tɔn no so. Sika a ne bo yɛ dɔla 300 a ɛboro so no betumi agye bɛyɛ dɔla 20 na wɔde ahyɛ mu, bere a sika a ne bo yɛ dɔla 10,000 a ɛboro so no betumi agye bɛyɛ dɔla 70 na wɔde ahyɛ mu.

Wɔ abɔmmɔ no so? Afotu a wode hwehwɛ mfomso sika ni:

• Nya abotare

• Hu nea ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ

• Hwɛ sika biara a ɛwɔ kotoku mu nsakrae, sika a wɔabobɔw, anaa sika a wɔde gu mu no mu yiye

• Hwɛ agyapade a wɔtɔn ne sika a wɔtɔn

Nokwarem no, wubetumi nso anya mfomso sika afi w’ankasa fie ahotɔ mu denam mfomso sika a ɛwɔ ha wɔ Coins Auctioned !

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Flip-over multi-struck Lincoln cent | Mfonini no: sikasɛm mu nokwasɛm, n’ankasa adwuma, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Mint Baako Mfomso yɛ Sikakorabea Ahoboaboafo Ademude!

Sɛ worehwehwɛ sɛ wode mfomso sika anaa sika soronko afoforo bi bɛka wo nneɛma a woaboaboa ano no ho a, wowɔ beae a ɛfata.

Kɔtɔ sika soronko a wotumi boaboa ano nnɛ!